Move away from the snake. Do not try to catch, kill, or handle it. A second bite is worse than the first.
Step 2: Call for Help
Call emergency services immediately (911 in the US). If you’re in a remote area, arrange for transport to the nearest hospital. Do not drive yourself if you are the person bitten (you may lose consciousness).
Step 3: Stay Calm (Yes, Really)
Panic increases your heart rate, which circulates venom faster. Take slow, deep breaths. Remind yourself: most snakebites are not fatal, and you are doing the right things.
Step 4: Immobilize the Bitten Limb
Keep the bitten area as still as possible. Use a splint if available. Do not elevate the limb above heart level (this can spread venom). Keep it at or slightly below heart level.
Step 5: Remove Tight Items
Remove watches, rings, bracelets, and tight clothing from the affected limb. Swelling is likely, and these items can become constricting.
Step 6: Mark the Swelling
Use a pen to mark the leading edge of swelling and note the time. This helps medical professionals track the spread of venom.
Step 7: Get to a Hospital
The only definitive treatment for venomous snakebite is antivenom. Do not wait to see if symptoms develop. Go to the hospital.
What NOT to Do (Dangerous Myths)
Let me clear up the misinformation.
Do NOT Apply a Tourniquet
Tourniquets concentrate venom in a small area, which can cause tissue damage, compartment syndrome, and even loss of the limb. They do not save lives.
Do NOT Cut the Wound
Cutting the bite site does not remove venom. It increases the risk of infection, bleeding, and scarring.
Do NOT Suck Out Venom
Your mouth is full of bacteria. Sucking on a wound introduces bacteria and does not remove a meaningful amount of venom. Suction devices (like the Sawyer Extractor) are also ineffective.
Do NOT Apply Ice or Heat
Ice does not neutralize venom and can worsen tissue damage. Heat can accelerate venom spread.
Do NOT Drink Alcohol or Caffeine
Alcohol can thin your blood and impair judgment. Caffeine can increase your heart rate, spreading venom faster. Stick to water.
Do NOT Take Pain Medication (Unless Directed)
Some pain medications (NSAIDs like ibuprofen, aspirin) can thin your blood. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is safer, but wait for medical guidance.
Do NOT Try to Catch or Kill the Snake
This is how most snakebites happen. People trying to kill or move a snake get bitten. Leave it alone. A photo from a safe distance is helpful; a dead snake is not worth your safety.
Signs and Symptoms of Venomous Snakebite
Not all snakebites inject venom. “Dry bites” (bites without venom) occur in up to 25% of pit viper bites. But you can’t assume it’s dry.
Common symptoms of venomous bite:
Local symptoms (at the bite site):
Sharp, burning pain
Swelling (can be rapid)
Redness and bruising
Bleeding from puncture wounds
Systemic symptoms (spreading):
Nausea, vomiting
Weakness, dizziness
Difficulty breathing
